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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). FtM GD patients showed significantly masculinized right-hand 2D:4D ratios, while there was no evidence of feminization in MtF GD patients.Īmerican Psychiatric Association. There was no significant difference in left-hand 2D:4D ratios between MtF GD patients, and their brothers, or female and male controls. MtF GD patients had lower right-hand 2D:4D ratios than female controls ( p <.001), but their right-hand ratios did not differ from those of their brothers and male controls. While there was no significant difference in right hands between FtM's sisters and male controls, left-hand 2D:4D ratios were significantly higher in FtM's sisters ( p =.
FtM GD patients had no significant difference in their left-hand 2D:4D ratios compared to their sisters or female and male controls. 001) but their ratios did not differ from those of their sisters or male controls. Regarding right hands, FtM GD patients had lower 2D:4D ratios than female controls ( p <. 003) were lower in male controls than in female controls. We found that 2D:4D ratios in the both right hand ( p <.
FtMs were gynephilic and MtFs were androphilic. Sixty-eight GD patients (46 Female-to-Male 22 Male-to-Female ), 68 siblings (46 sisters of FtMs 22 brothers of MtFs), and 118 heterosexual controls (62 female 56 male) were included in the study. We compared gender dysphoria (GD) patients and their same-sex siblings in terms of their 2D:4D ratios, which may reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, one of the possible etiological mechanisms underlying GD.
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